Key Data Set Information | |
Location | CN |
Reference year | 2013 |
Name |
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Use advice for data set | When utilizing the Life Cycle Assessment data set for Process B, users must account for regional disparities; this data set average is based on a literature review and not optimized for individual industries or countries. It does not incorporate recycling or treatment of plastic and metal shells, labor and construction costs, or environmental impacts thereof. For accurate application, supplement with region-specific data, especially in the context of China where EU import/export data and recycling information may not apply. Users should adjust the weight of evidence towards more current and locally relevant data where possible, and be cognizant that the functional unit (FU) is based on 100 kg of a typical LIB electrode material. |
Technical purpose of product or process | Pyrometallurgy--Carbonthermal reduction (Process B) is an industrial process where reducing carbon is mixed and roasted with valuable compounds in a rotary furnace at high temperatures (600-1000 oC), using graphite as the reducing agent. This method effectively reduces and separates reduction products such as Ni (Nickel), Co (Cobalt), MnO (Manganese Oxide), and allows for the selective recovery of lithium resources in the form of Li2CO3 through water leaching. It is commonly applied in the production of LIB (Lithium-ion Battery) electrode materials and is crucial for the recycling and valorization of metals from spent LIBs. |
Classification |
Class name
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Hierarchy level
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General comment on data set | Reducing carbon is introduced into the rotary furnace for mixed roasting, and graphite is used as the reducing agent to realize the reduction of valuable compounds at high temperatures (600-1000 oC), and Ni, Co, MnO and other reduction products are separated, and lithium can be recovered in the form of Li2CO3 through water leaching, so that the products can be selectively recovered. |
Copyright | No |
Owner of data set | |
Quantitative reference | |
Reference flow(s) |
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Functional Unit | FU is a typical type of LIB electrode material of 100 kg |
Time representativeness | |
Data set valid until | 2017 |
Time representativeness description | Data source: 2013-2017 |
Technological representativeness | |
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) |
LCI method and allocation | |||||
Type of data set | Unit process, single operation | ||||
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations | None | ||||
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations | None | ||||
Data sources, treatment and representativeness | |||||
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations | None | ||||
Data selection and combination principles | The input-output of the process comes from the average results of the data reported in the literature review, reflecting the representative process from "tomb" to "cradle". This study does not consider the recycling or treatment of plastic and metal shells, and labor costs, factory construction costs, and their impact on the environment are also not included in this analysis. | ||||
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations | None | ||||
Data treatment and extrapolations principles | It is worth noting that the EU's data is not specific to a specific industry, and some import and export data and recycling information are not suitable for China's situation. Therefore, the improved CRMs evaluation method also combines official Chinese data, literature reports, and data from other interest groups such as trade/industry associations to conduct the best estimation of data from major LIB manufacturers, recycling companies, official management agencies in China, and other stakeholders. In terms of data timeliness, the reference period used in the evaluation of CRMs is based on the latest 4-year average (i.e. 2013-2016). | ||||
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations | None | ||||
Data source(s) used for this data set | |||||
Completeness | |||||
Completeness of product model | No statement | ||||
Validation | |||||
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Data generator | |
Data set generator / modeller | |
Data entry by | |
Time stamp (last saved) | 2024-02-04T12:52:22+08:00 |
Publication and ownership | |
UUID | 2db4ad68-0718-4fb4-98a6-00d60479d34b |
Date of last revision | 2024-04-20T14:28:45.600098+08:00 |
Data set version | 00.01.005 |
Permanent data set URI | https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=2db4ad68-0718-4fb4-98a6-00d60479d34b&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong |
Owner of data set | |
Copyright | No |
License type | Free of charge for all users and uses |
Inputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount | ||
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Product flow | Materials production / Other materials | 100.0 kg | 100.0 kg | ||||||
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Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground | 6.2 kg | 6.2 kg | ||||||
Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from water / Renewable material resources from water | 100.0 m3 | 100.0 m3 | ||||||
Product flow | Energy carriers and technologies / Hard coal based fuels | 28.5 kg | 28.5 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity | 22.32 MJ | 22.32 MJ |
Outputs
Type of flow | Classification | Flow | Location | Mean amount | Resulting amount | Minimum amount | Maximum amount | ||
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Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 13.3 kg | 13.3 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Materials production / Inorganic chemicals | 1.0 kg | 1.0 kg | ||||||
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Product flow | Materials production / Other materials | 2.7 kg | 2.7 kg | ||||||
Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground | 4.0 kg | 4.0 kg | ||||||
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Elementary flow | Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable element resources from ground | 6.0 kg | 6.0 kg | ||||||
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Product flow | Materials production / Other materials | 3.0 kg | 3.0 kg | ||||||
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Product flow | Materials production / Metals and semimetals | 20.0 kg | 20.0 kg | ||||||
Waste flow | Wastes | 7.9 kg | 7.9 kg | ||||||
Product flow | Emissions / Metal and semimetal elements and ions | 2.42 kg | 2.42 kg | ||||||
Elementary flow | Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified | 104.1 kg | 104.1 kg | ||||||
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Elementary flow | Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified | 0.3 kg | 0.3 kg | ||||||
Product flow | End-of-life treatment / Waste water treatment | 90.0 kg | 90.0 kg |