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Process Data set: cement production;cement, common portland cement;shaft kiln;mixed solid wastes (en) en zh

Key Data Set Information
Location GS-CN
Geographical representativeness description Yongjing County Jinhe Shunfa Building Materials Co., Ltd.
Name
cement production;cement, common portland cement;shaft kiln;mixed solid wastes
Use advice for data set When using this dataset for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), pay particular attention to the system boundaries and stages defined within the shaft kiln cement production process. It includes stages such as raw material crushing, clinker generation, and the cement milling process. Ensure that transportation, direct emissions, energy consumption, and infrastructure are also included in the analysis, as they are critical for the LCA of cement production. Be sure to incorporate the provided recycling rates for cement dust and apply the specific direct emissions data accordingly. Utilize the China Cement Industry Cleaner Production Standard (HJ 467-2009) for direct SO2 and NOx emissions to ensure conformity with local regulations when assessing environmental impact.
Technical purpose of product or process This dataset describes the production process of common Portland cement using a shaft kiln. The cement produced is primarily used for construction purposes and is fundamental in the manufacturing of concrete and other building materials. With ordinary Portland cement making up approximately 98% of the cement production in China, this data can be utilized to understand the environmental impact of large-scale cement production specific to China's standards and technologies.
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: Unit processes / Materials production / Other mineralic materials
General comment on data set Shaft kiln. 100% cement dust was recycled.
Copyright No
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Technological representativeness
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s)
  • V0acb82qOoLfNBxvjSscUQMAnhg.png Image
Mathematical model
Model description Taking the production of 1 ton of ordinary Portland cement as a functional unit, this type of cement accounts for approximately 98% of total production in China.System boundaries for shaft kilns. Three stages are usually considered, namely raw material crushing, clinker generation and cement mill. The clinker generation stage includes mixing water, pelletizing and firing in the kiln. Each process takes into account raw materials, energy consumption, road transport, direct emissions (i.e. carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter) and infrastructure.
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, black box
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations None
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations None
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None
Data selection and combination principles Shaft kiln scheme, data taken from literature. The application research of cleaner production technology in the cement industry comes from a master's thesis of Lanzhou University. Due to the lack of information on the former, direct atmospheric emissions data come from Yunnan Hongda Cement Plant. In addition, the China Cement Industry Cleaner Production Standard (HJ 467-2009) is used to determine direct SO2 and NOx emissions.
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations None
Data source(s) used for this data set
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Dependent internal review
Reviewer name and institution
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-03-19T21:18:09+08:00
Publication and ownership
UUID 5e0ac37f-133e-4bfe-b1d3-7b6172dd1bf4
Date of last revision 2024-04-20T14:41:48.294101+08:00
Data set version 00.01.005
Permanent data set URI https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=5e0ac37f-133e-4bfe-b1d3-7b6172dd1bf4&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong
Owner of data set
Copyright No
License type Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground 1180.0 kg1180.0 kg
General comment Limestone
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground 42.9 kg42.9 kg
General comment Gypsum
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from water / Renewable material resources from water 850.0 m3850.0 m3
General comment Water
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground 53.68 kg53.68 kg
General comment Dolomite
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground 33.66 kg33.66 kg
General comment Red clay
Product flow
Materials production / Metals and semimetals 18.32 kg18.32 kg
General comment Iron powder
Waste flow
Wastes / Production residues 71.01 kg71.01 kg
General comment Magnesium slag
Waste flow
Wastes / Post consumer waste 32.17 kg32.17 kg
General comment Slag
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable energy resources from ground 183.63 MJ183.63 MJ
General comment Coal
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 435.6 MJ435.6 MJ
General comment Electricity

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 850.0 kg850.0 kg
General comment CO2. CO2 emission was calculated according to Eq.(Wu et al., 2006): E = 3:67a x k x Mcoal x Q + 0.38 x Mlimestone, where E, a, k, Mcoal, Q, and Mlimestone represent the amount of CO2 emission per ton of cement production, carbon oxygenation efficiency of coal (0.93, National Development and Reform Commission, 2011), carbon emission factor of coal (26.1 x 10-3, National Development and Reform Commission, 2011), mass of coal consumption per ton of cement production, caloric value of coal, and mass of limestone consumption per ton of cement production, respectively. The caloric value of coal considered in the present study was 24.48 MJ/kg.
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 1.2 MJ1.2 MJ
General comment SO2. Emission data from the Chinese standard for cleaner production in the cement industry (HJ 467-2009).
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 2.4 kg2.4 kg
General comment NOx. Emission data from the Chinese standard for cleaner production in the cement industry (HJ 467-2009).
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 5.4 kg5.4 kg
General comment Particulates. The particle size is not specified. Here we treat it as PM>10. Direct air emission data were obtained from the Hongda Cement Plant (Yunnan, China).
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to water / Emissions to fresh water 0.71 m30.71 m3
General comment Wastewater. The wastewater generated from the shaft kiln was treated in a civilian wastewater treatment plant.
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1000.0 kg1000.0 kg
General comment Common Portland cement