Close Go back Collapse all sections
Process Data set: cement production;cement, ordinary portland cement;traditional shaft kiln (en) en zh

Key Data Set Information
Location CN
Name
cement production;cement, ordinary portland cement;traditional shaft kiln
Use advice for data set When utilizing the data set for life cycle assessment, it is important to consider the energy consumption and emissions specific to the traditional shaft kiln technology. Recycling of materials, if any, should be considered in the assessment. The data regarding resource and energy consumption, as well as emission factors, should be interpreted in the context of existing standards and the specific technological process for producing ordinary Portland cement in the traditional shaft kiln. Users should update the dataset with the most recent emission factors and technological advances when available. The unit process (black box) approach should be used with the understanding that inputs and outputs are quantified, without detailed insight into the process itself.
Technical purpose of product or process Ordinary Portland cement produced through the traditional shaft kiln process is primarily used in construction applications including the making of concrete, mortar, and stucco. It serves as a fundamental component in masonry and civil engineering projects.
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: Unit processes / Materials production / Other mineralic materials
General comment on data set The impact of a typical traditional shaft kiln process on the resource consumption, energy consumption and environmental emissions involved in the cement production life cycle was quantified using 1t of ordinary silicate cement as a functional unit.
Copyright No
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Technological representativeness
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s)
  • Gi6PbU5NxoM2PixPn3vc17WKnAg.png Image
Mathematical model
Model description Taking 1 ton of ordinary Portland cement as the functional unit. The scope of the research is defined as four processes: raw meal preparation, clinker burning, cement grinding, and packaging and delivery.
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, black box
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations None
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations None
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None
Data selection and combination principles The resource consumption data adopts the research results of Li Songbing. The energy consumption comes from the data published by the Cement Industry Association and refers to the "2010 Cement Industry Risk Analysis Report". The emission coefficients of powder (smoke) dust and SO2 and NOx pollutants in the exhaust gas adopt the 2008 China Statistical results of pollution source census; CO2 emissions are estimated according to their sources.
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None
Data treatment and extrapolations principles Heat consumption: Divide 0.7 and convert to unit cement heat consumption.
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations None
Data source(s) used for this data set
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Dependent internal review
Reviewer name and institution
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-03-19T21:18:09+08:00
Publication and ownership
UUID 6391bb0d-aa7d-4f63-9e0f-0875888fd0ba
Date of last revision 2024-04-20T14:41:20.651488+08:00
Data set version 00.01.005
Permanent data set URI https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=6391bb0d-aa7d-4f63-9e0f-0875888fd0ba&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong
Owner of data set
Copyright No
License type Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1133.26 kg1133.26 kg
General comment Limestone. The resource consumption data is based on the research results of Li Songbing.
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable energy resources from ground 191.0 MJ191.0 MJ
General comment Heat consumption (converted to standard coal consumption). Standard coal is not an actual substance, but a conversion method.Data processing: The original literature states a heat consumption of 133.7 kgce/t clinker, and since 1 ton of cement contains 0.7 tons of clinker, it is converted to kgce/t cement for data input.Due to the lack of data on natural gas, petroleum coke, alternative fuels, and fuel oil consumption, it is assumed that all heat consumption comes from coal combustion. The conversion factor between raw coal and standard coal is 1 kg raw coal = 0.7143 kg standard coal.
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 345.6 MJ345.6 MJ
General comment Electricity consumption. China's power industry is mainly based on thermal power generation, with the proportion of thermal power generation always above 80%. To simplify the calculation, it is assumed that all purchased electricity for cement enterprises comes from thermal power generation, and the electricity consumption is converted into coal consumption using the coal consumption coefficient of 0.349 kgce/kWh for thermal power generation in 2008. The energy consumption comes from data published by the Cement Industry Association and referenced in the "2010 Risk Analysis Report of the Cement Industry."

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 0.634 kg0.634 kg
General comment Dust and particulate matter, with an unspecified particle size, is treated as PM > 10 micrometers in diameter. The emission factor of particulate matter (PM) pollutant in flue gas is based on the statistical results of the 2008 China Pollution Source Census.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 0.352 kg0.352 kg
General comment SO2. The emission factor of SO2 pollutant in flue gas is based on the statistical results of the 2008 China Pollution Source Census.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 0.175 kg0.175 kg
General comment NOx. The emission factor of NOx pollutant in flue gas is based on the statistical results of the 2008 China Pollution Source Census.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 650.88 kg650.88 kg
General comment CO2. CO2 emissions are estimated based on their sources. The specific estimation method is as follows:①CO2 produced from carbonate decomposition. During the cement production process, the decomposition of limestone to produce cement clinker requires CaO, which also generates CO2. The chemical reaction is as follows: CaCO3→CaO+CO2↑. The chemical equation for the decomposition of CaCO3 shows that for every 1 part of CaO produced, 0.7857 parts of CO2 are also generated. Based on the average content of CaO in the main mineral components of ordinary Portland cement in China, which ranges from 62% to 67%, assuming 65%, the CO2 produced from the decomposition of CaCO3 for every ton of cement clinker produced is: 1 ton × 0.7857 × 65% = 0.5071 ton. In addition, cement raw materials usually contain a small amount of magnesium carbonate, which also decomposes and produces CO2 during calcination. The chemical reaction is as follows: MgCO3→MgO+CO2↑. The chemical equation for the decomposition of MgCO3 shows that for every 1 part of MgO produced, 1.1 parts of CO2 are also generated. Based on the average content of MgO in the main mineral components of ordinary Portland cement in China, which ranges from 1% to 3%, assuming 1.5%, the CO2 produced from the decomposition of magnesium carbonate for every ton of cement clinker produced is: 1 ton × 1.1 × 1.5% = 0.0165 ton. In summary, the total amount of CO2 produced from carbonate decomposition during cement clinker production is: 0.5071 ton + 0.0165 ton = 0.5236 ton.②CO2 emitted from cement kiln fuel combustion. The formation of cement clinker requires high-temperature calcination, during which CO2 is generated from fuel combustion to provide high temperature. According to research results from the IPCC, the carbon emission factor of raw coal in China is 2.7715 kg CO2/kg of raw coal.
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1000.0 kg1000.0 kg
General comment Ordinary Portland Cement