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Process Data set: cement production;cement, ordinary portland cement;JT shaft kiln (en) en zh

Key Data Set Information
Location CN
Name
cement production;cement, ordinary portland cement;JT shaft kiln
Use advice for data set When utilizing this dataset for Life Cycle Assessment, include the impacts of energy and resource consumption, emissions of dust, SO2, and NOx during cement production phases of raw meal preparation, clinker burning, cement grinding, and packaging and delivery. Note that CO2 emissions should be accounted for by their specific sources. Emission factors from Gao Changming's research should be used for JT shaft kiln emissions not published elsewhere. Thermal consumption data must be normalized by dividing by 0.7 to represent unit cement heat consumption appropriately.
Technical purpose of product or process The data set represents the use of the JT shaft kiln process for the production of ordinary Portland cement. Applicable for the construction industry, this cement is commonly used in building materials for constructing infrastructures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: Unit processes / Materials production / Other mineralic materials
General comment on data set The impact of a typical JT shaft kiln process on the resource consumption, energy consumption and environmental emissions involved in the cement production life cycle was quantified using 1t of ordinary silicate cement as a functional unit.
Copyright No
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Technological representativeness
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s)
  • BCSTbS2W4oHPH9xV8o0chseAnxn.png Image
Mathematical model
Model description Taking 1 ton of ordinary Portland cement as the functional unit. The scope of the research is defined as four processes: raw meal preparation, clinker burning, cement grinding, and packaging and delivery.
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, black box
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations None
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations None
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None
Data selection and combination principles The resource consumption data adopts the research results of Li Songbing. The energy consumption comes from the data published by the Cement Industry Association and refers to the "2010 Cement Industry Risk Analysis Report". The emission coefficients of powder (smoke) dust and SO2 and NOx pollutants in the exhaust gas adopt the 2008 China Statistical results of pollution source census; CO2 emissions are estimated according to their sources. The research results of Gao Changming were used for the unpublished emission coefficient of JT vertical kiln.
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None
Data treatment and extrapolations principles Heat consumption: Divide 0.7 and convert to unit cement heat consumption.
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations None
Data source(s) used for this data set
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Dependent internal review
Reviewer name and institution
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-03-19T21:18:09+08:00
Publication and ownership
UUID 7d45a5d8-9502-4ff5-b2d8-329951679d23
Date of last revision 2024-04-20T14:41:21.696664+08:00
Data set version 00.01.005
Permanent data set URI https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=7d45a5d8-9502-4ff5-b2d8-329951679d23&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong
Owner of data set
Copyright No
License type Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1117.36 kg1117.36 kg
General comment Limestone. The resource consumption data is based on the research results of Li Songbing.
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable energy resources from ground 163.14 MJ163.14 MJ
General comment Heat consumption (converted to standard coal consumption). Standard coal is not an actual substance, but a conversion method.Data processing: The original literature states a heat consumption of 114.2 kgce/t clinker, and since 1 ton of cement contains 0.7 tons of clinker, it is converted to kgce/t cement for data input.Due to the lack of data on natural gas, petroleum coke, alternative fuels, and fuel oil consumption, it is assumed that all heat consumption comes from coal combustion. The conversion factor between raw coal and standard coal is 1 kg raw coal = 0.7143 kg standard coal.
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 245.16 MJ245.16 MJ
General comment Electricity consumption. China's electricity industry is mainly based on thermal power generation, with the proportion of thermal power generation always above 80%. To simplify the calculation, it is assumed that all purchased electricity for cement enterprises comes from thermal power generation. The electricity consumption is calculated based on the 2008 coal consumption coefficient of thermal power generation, which is 0.349 kgce/kWh converted into standard coal consumption. The energy consumption data comes from the Cement Industry Association and is referenced in the "2010 Cement Industry Risk Analysis Report".

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 0.42 kg0.42 kg
General comment Dust and particulate matter, with an unspecified particle size, is treated as PM > 10 micrometers in diameter. The emission factor of particulate matter (PM) pollutant in flue gas is based on the statistical results of the 2008 China Pollution Source Census.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 0.09 kg0.09 kg
General comment SO2. The emission factor of SO2 pollutant in flue gas is based on the statistical results of the 2008 China Pollution Source Census.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 0.22 kg0.22 kg
General comment NOx. The emission factor of NOx pollutant in flue gas is based on the statistical results of the 2008 China Pollution Source Census.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 590.59 kg590.59 kg
General comment CO2. CO2 emissions are estimated based on their sources. The specific estimation method is as follows:①CO2 produced from carbonate decomposition. During the cement production process, the decomposition of limestone to produce cement clinker requires CaO, which also generates CO2. The chemical reaction is as follows: CaCO3→CaO+CO2↑. The chemical equation for the decomposition of CaCO3 shows that for every 1 part of CaO produced, 0.7857 parts of CO2 are also generated. Based on the average content of CaO in the main mineral components of ordinary Portland cement in China, which ranges from 62% to 67%, assuming 65%, the CO2 produced from the decomposition of CaCO3 for every ton of cement clinker produced is: 1 ton × 0.7857 × 65% = 0.5071 ton. In addition, cement raw materials usually contain a small amount of magnesium carbonate, which also decomposes and produces CO2 during calcination. The chemical reaction is as follows: MgCO3→MgO+CO2↑. The chemical equation for the decomposition of MgCO3 shows that for every 1 part of MgO produced, 1.1 parts of CO2 are also generated. Based on the average content of MgO in the main mineral components of ordinary Portland cement in China, which ranges from 1% to 3%, assuming 1.5%, the CO2 produced from the decomposition of magnesium carbonate for every ton of cement clinker produced is: 1 ton × 1.1 × 1.5% = 0.0165 ton. In summary, the total amount of CO2 produced from carbonate decomposition during cement clinker production is: 0.5071 ton + 0.0165 ton = 0.5236 ton.②CO2 emitted from cement kiln fuel combustion. The formation of cement clinker requires high-temperature calcination, during which CO2 is generated from fuel combustion to provide high temperature. According to research results from the IPCC, the carbon emission factor of raw coal in China is 2.7715 kg CO2/kg of raw coal.
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1000.0 kg1000.0 kg
General comment Ordinary Portland Cement