Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Geographical representativeness description | A Cement Co., Ltd. along the Yangtze River |
| Reference year | 2022 |
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| Use advice for data set | The LCA data set user must consider this data specifically for the carbon footprint associated with the production of cement clinker using steel slag as an iron correction material. It is crucial to note that the carbon emission values provided are cumulative of all the unit processes except the 'clinker calcination process'. Thus, when modeling the environmental impact of cement production, users should factor in additional emissions from the calcination stage to obtain a complete assessment of the carbon footprint. The life cycle boundary for this data is from cradle to gate, which does not include the downstream use phase or end of life stage. Users should apply the functional unit of 1t P·I type Portland cement accordingly. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | Steel slag, a byproduct of steel production, is utilized as an iron correction material in the production of cement clinker. The absence of carbonates in steel slag means it not only replaces iron ore but also provides essential elements like calcium, silicon, and aluminum for clinker synthesis, contributing to reduced carbon emissions. This material is vital for achieving the formation of mineral phases such as C4AF in cement clinker during the high-temperature solid phase reaction. |
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| General comment on data set | Steel slag is used for iron correction materials for cement production. Steel slag does not contain carbonate. It can not only replace iron ore when preparing cement clinkers, but also provides calcium, silicon and aluminum, which has a good carbon reduction effect.The main raw materials of the cement are calcium, silica, aluminum and iron materials. Each raw material forms the mineral phase of cement clinker through high temperature solid phase reaction. It can be seen from the chemical components, mineral characteristics, and micro -structures of the steel slag that the steel slag also contains RO, Feo, Fe2O3 and other iron phases, thereby having the conditions to replace iron correction materials. In addition, the steel slag also contains calcium, silicon, aluminum, etc. that can be burned into raw materials such as CAO (most of the content between 40% and 50%)), which can save some calcium, silicon and aluminum raw materials. In view of this steel slag fot iron correctional material technology route. Generally, tthe mineral component of iron correction material for cement is hematite Fe2O3, while the iron phase in steel slag mainly exists in the form of RO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe, CF and so on. When steel slag is used as raw material, regardless of the form of iron, the iron phase in its high temperature solid phase reaction can provide the iron component to form the C4AF mineral phase required for cement clinker.Combined with the actual production, the target value of WISCO steel slag clinker for transportation to a cement company along the Yangtze River for burning cement clinker is KH=0.91士0.02, SM=2.5士0.1, IM=1.5士0.1. |
| Copyright | No |
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| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | As can be seen from Figure 1, the main raw materials of cement are calcium materials, siliceous materials, aluminum materials and iron materials. Each raw material forms the cement material mineral phase through high-temperature solid phase reaction. It can be seen from the chemical composition, mineral properties and microstructure of steel slag that steel slag also contains iron phases such as RO, FeO and Fe;O:, thus having the conditions to replace iron correction materials. In addition, steel slag also contains CaO (mostly between 40% and 50%) and other calcium, silicon, aluminum, etc. required for cement burning raw materials, which can save some calcium, siliceous and aluminum raw materials. In view of this steel slag The technical route for making iron correction materials is shown in Figure 2. As can be seen from Figure 2, the mineral component of iron correction materials for general cement is hematite Fe,O;, while the iron phase in steel slag mainly exists in the form of ROFeOFe;O;, FeCF, etc. When steel slag is used as raw material, no matter what form the iron is present in, the iron phase in the high-temperature solid-state reaction can provide the iron component to form the C.AF mineral phase required for cement clinker.Based on the actual production, taking the steel slag transported by Wuhan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. to a cement company along the Yangtze River for firing cement clinker as an example, the target values of steel slag clinker are: KH=0.91±0.02, SM=2.5±0.1,IM=1.5±0.1. Its raw material components and clinker production formula are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. |
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| Mathematical model | |
| Model description | The functional unit is 1t P·I type Portland cement. The full life cycle carbon emission boundary of cement is set from the "cradle" to the "gate", that is, from the upstream mining, production and transportation stages of energy to the transportation of finished cement to the user enterprise. |
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