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Zero-valent iron (ZVI), particularly in its nanoscale form (nZVI), is increasingly recognized for its potential in environmental remediation. It offers cost-effective solutions for treating contaminated soils due to its large surface area and high reactivity. nZVI is capable of removing or transforming a variety of contaminants, including heavy metals, inorganic salts, and organic compounds. Sulfidized nZVI (S-nZVI) has emerged as a promising variant for cleaning contaminated soil, sediment, and water. ZVI operates by generating iron corrosion products (FeCPs) in situ, which are effective in removing pollutants such as phosphate. The effectiveness of ZVI in contaminant removal can be influenced by its particle size, as indicated by research involving various sizes of ZVI particles.
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