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Biosurfactants are surface-active substances produced by microorganisms. They are known for their lower toxicity, enhanced biodegradability, and unique physiochemical properties compared to synthetic surfactants. These properties make them suitable for various industrial applications, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, cosmetics, and the oil industry. Biosurfactants are amphipathic biomolecules with health-care and medicinal benefits such as skin protection, moisturizing effects, antimicrobial activity, high swelling properties, and promoting rapid wound healing. They are composed of diverse molecular structures such as glycolipids, lipopeptides, lipopolysaccharides, and fatty acids, and are produced by environmental microbes like Bacillus and Pseudomonas.
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