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Contaminated soil refers to the presence of toxic chemicals in soil that exceed naturally occurring levels and pose risks to human health and the environment. These contaminants can leach into ground or surface waters, be taken up by plants and animals, contaminate drinking water supplies, or volatilize and affect indoor air quality. Soil contamination can result from pesticides, petroleum products, asbestos, lead, and other hazardous substances. It can be localized or widespread, and is a significant global concern, particularly severe in regions like Europe, Eurasia, Asia, and North Africa. The EPA aims to prevent adverse effects by protecting soil integrity, while the FAO reports that one-third of the world's soil is already severely or moderately degraded.
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