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Ni-rich LiNi1-x-yMxCoyO2 (NMC: 1-x-y ≥ 0.6) are promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to their high reversible capacity and low cost. However, the fast capacity decay and voltage fading caused by interphasial instability require improvement. The unstable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) and transition metal dissolution at higher voltages can lead to capacity decay and voltage fading. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides (NMC) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and were extensively studied in the last two decades. The Ni-rich LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 (NMC) layered oxides have been promising materials to replace the LiCoO2 commercial cathode due to their high operation voltages, low cost, and enhanced capacity. However, structural instability is the main drawback of the Ni-rich NMC system, leading to capacity fading, which prevents its commerce application.
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