Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Geographical representativeness description | The China United Cement Corporation |
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| Use advice for data set | When utilizing this LCA data set, users should consider the inclusion of all relevant environmental impacts within the system boundaries specified: raw material and energy production, transportation, production processes, energy recovery, and waste management. Attention should be paid to the methodology for allocation of environmental impacts where mixed solid wastes are used as raw materials. The data set reflects the practices of the China United Cement Corporation and should not be extrapolated without adjusting for regional and technological differences. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | This dataset represents the cement manufacturing process with a strength grade of 42.5 MPa, where 6-20% of alternative constituents are included in the mix. This cement is suitable for construction applications requiring high early and definitive strength. The new suspension preheater (NSP) technology employed improves thermal efficiency and allows the use of mixed solid industrial wastes, reducing the reliance on conventional raw materials and leveraging waste heat energy recovery for power generation. |
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| General comment on data set | Common cement where the 3rd day compressive strength is greater than 17 MPa and the 28th day compressive strength is 42.5 MPa. Industrial solid waste that contains silica and flue gas desulfurized (FGD) gypsum is used in cement manufacture instead of clay and gypsum. The main stream of cement production – new suspension preheater (NSP) – is applied in the Chinese cement industry. There are three primary production processes: The pulverized coal and raw material preparation process, including the transfer, grinding, homogenization, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the incineration process, the ground and mixed raw materials are inputted into the preheater and then the calciner and decomposed with 60% coal at 950 ◦C. The limestone decomposes to about 95% in the calciner and 5% in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to clinker with 40% coal at a temperature of over 1400 ◦C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when the clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by a grinding mill. The raw materials are suspended and heated by recycled hot air in the preheater. |
| Copyright | No |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The main stream of cement production – new suspension preheater (NSP) – is applied in the Chinese cement industry. There are three primary production processes: The pulverized coal and raw material preparation process, including the transfer, grinding, homogenization, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the incineration process, the ground and mixed raw materials are inputted into the preheater and then the calciner and decomposed with 60% coal at 950 ◦C. The limestone decomposes to about 95% in the calciner and 5% in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to clinker with 40% coal at a temperature of over 1400 ◦C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when the clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by a grinding mill. The raw materials are suspended and heated by recycled hot air in the preheater (Hasanbeigi et al., 2010). |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
| Mathematical model | |
| Model description | One ton of cement with 42.5 MPa strength grade is used as functional unit (FU).System boundaries involve raw material and energy production, road transport, raw material crushing, clinker production, cement milling and packaging, waste heat energy recovery, direct emissions, on-site flue gas treatment and solid waste reuse in cement plants. |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs