23d721bd-0339-425e-a52c-7efba204cf0acement production;cement, portland cement, 42.5MPa;new suspension preheater;mixed solid wastes水泥生产;水泥, 硅酸盐水泥, 42.5MPa;新悬挂预热器;混合固废Unit processesMaterials productionOther mineralic materialsThe Chinese LCI data are calculated with a sample of 18 cement plants with 30 production lines all over China (China Centre of National Material Life Cycle Assessment, 2012).There are three primary production processes .The pulverized coal and raw meal preparation process include the transferring, grinding, homogenizing, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the burning process, the ground and mixed raw materials-raw meal are input to the preheater, and then to the calciner, decomposing with 60 % of coal at 950 °C. The limestone decomposes for about 95 % in the calciner and for 5 % in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to be clinker with 40 % of coal at a temperature of over 1,400 °C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by grinding mill. The raw meal is suspended and heated by recycled hot air in preheater.中国的生命周期评价数据是根据全国18家水泥厂30条生产线的样本进行计算的（China Centre of National Material Life Cycle Assessment, 2012）。生产过程分为三个主要部分。煤粉和生料制备过程包括原材料的转运、磨碎、均化和储存，以及煤的磨碎和储存。在燃烧过程中，磨碎和混合的生料被输入至预热器，然后进入分解炉，在950°C时，60%的煤被用于分解。石灰石在分解炉中分解约95％，在窑中分解约5％。分解后的物料落入窑中，在超过1, 400°C的高温下被烧成熟料，使用40％的煤。在精加工过程中，通过磨煤机将熟料、矿物添加剂和石膏精细研磨后生产出水泥。原料在预热器中被回收的热空气悬浮并加热。12There are three primary production processes (Fig. 1).Thepulverizedcoal and raw meal preparation process include the transferring, grinding, homogenizing, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the burning process, the ground and mixed raw materials-raw meal are input to the preheater, and then to the calciner, decomposing with 60 % of coal at 950 °C. The limestone decomposes for about 95 % in the calciner and for 5 % in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to be clinker with 40 % of coal at a temperature of over 1,400 °C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by grinding mill. The raw meal is suspended and heated by recycled hot air in preheater. That is why it is called NSP cement production technology.There are three primary production processes (Fig. 1).Thepulverizedcoal and raw meal preparation process include the transferring, grinding, homogenizing, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the burning process, the ground and mixed raw materials-raw meal are input to the preheater, and then to the calciner, decomposing with 60 % of coal at 950 °C. The limestone decomposes for about 95 % in the calciner and for 5 % in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to be clinker with 40 % of coal at a temperature of over 1,400 °C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by grinding mill. The raw meal is suspended and heated by recycled hot air in preheater. That is why it is called NSP cement production technology.The described process relates to the production of Portland cement with a compression strength of 42.5 MPa using the New Suspension Preheater (NSP) method, which is a predominant technology for cement manufacturing in China. This type of cement is typically used in construction for making concrete, mortar, and other building materials where high strength is required.本描述的过程涉及使用新型悬浮预热器（NSP）方法生产具有42.5MPa抗压强度的硅酸盐水泥，这是中国水泥制造业的主导技术。该类型的水泥通常用于建筑领域，用于制作需要高强度的混凝土、砂浆和其他建筑材料。DUQ3bGVKOoFc4Kx8Jm4c0c5rnZf.png"1 ton of Portland cement" and "1 ton of Portland cement with strength class 42.5 MPa" are both used as functional units.“1吨硅酸盐水泥”和“强度等级为42.5 MPa的1吨硅酸盐水泥”均用作功能单位。Unit process, black boxNone无None无None无Direct LCI (cement manufacturing) including inputs and outputs is calculated by three methods of Mass Flow Analysis (MFA): using on-site measurements with calciners and kilns in continuous operation 24 hours a day, Calculated by coefficients estimated from expert knowledge, and derived through mass and heat balance principles.包括输入和输出的直接LCI（水泥制造）是通过物质流分析（Mass Flow Analysis, MFA）的三种方法计算的：使用在煅烧炉和窑连续运行的情况下全天24小时进行的现场测量，通过从专业知识中估计的系数计算，以及通过质量和热量平衡原理推导。None无None无Chen Li, Suping Cui, Zuoren Nie, Xianzheng Gong, Zhihong Wang, & Norihiro Itsubo. (2015). The LCA of portland cement production in China. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20(1), 117–127. Chen Li, Suping Cui, Zuoren Nie, Xianzheng Gong, Zhihong Wang, & Norihiro Itsubo. (2015). The LCA of portland cement production in China. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20(1), 117–127. data collection. Year: 2009~2012; Company group: 18; Factories/production lines: 30; Local production scale: Measurement method; Middle and high-level: On-site by non-stakeholder persons.数据收集。年份：2009~2012；公司集团：18家；工厂/生产线：30； 当地生产规模： 测量法；中高层： 现场由非利益相关人士进行。The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) data for this process are to be used with an understanding of the full production line from raw material procurement to the production of cement. It is important to consider the specific energy consumption and emissions during each stage. The user must pay attention to the described incorporation of mixed solid wastes, which serves as a distinct factor in the eco-profile of the process. When applying the data set, ensure adherence to the technological boundaries (years 2009-2012) and the geographical scope (China) to maintain accuracy.该工艺的生命周期评估（LCA）数据应在了解从原材料采购到水泥生产的完整生产线的基础上使用。考虑每个阶段的特定能耗和排放非常重要。用户必须注意所描述的混合固体废物的整合，这是生态剖面中的一个显著因素。在应用数据集时，确保遵守技术边界（2009-2012年）和地理范围（中国），以保持准确性。Inventory: The internal review was done by several iteration steps concerning raw data validation, raw data documentation, representativity, completeness and consistency of modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and 14044.清单： 内部审查通过几个迭代步骤完成，涉及原始数据验证、原始数据记录、代表性、完整性、与 ISO 14040 和 14044 有关的建模的一致性。Tiangong LCI Data Working Group天工LCI数据工作小组#REF!, ysqsophia@gmail.comysqsophia@gmail.comysqsophia@gmail.com2024-03-19T21:18:09+08:002024-04-20T14:41:49.533442+08:0000.01.005https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=23d721bd-0339-425e-a52c-7efba204cf0a&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGongTiangong LCI Data Working Group天工LCI数据工作小组falseFree of charge for all users and useshard coalInput103.3246103.3246Coal (kg ce). The original data is 96 kg of standard coal, which is converted to hard coal. The conversion formula is 1 kg of hard coal = 0.929 kg of standard coal.The total coal consumption=coal for incineration(85) + coal for power generation by cement plant with waste heat recovery technology(11). ce, standard coal of consumed energy. The standard coal has the defined heat value of 29,308 kJ/kg ce or 7,000 kcal/kg. Thermal energy is 2814 MJ.煤炭（kgce）。原始数据为96kg标准煤，这里换算为硬煤，换算公式为1kg硬煤=0.929kg标准煤。总煤炭消耗=焚化煤（85）+用废热回收技术通过水泥厂发电的煤炭（11）。ce，标准的消耗能源煤。标准煤的定义热值为29,308kJ/kgce或7,000kcal/kgElectricityInput144.0144.0Electricity. The electricity from power station=total electricity consumption electricity generated by cement plant with waste heat recovery technology.电力。电站的电力=用废热回收技术产生的水泥厂产生的总电力消耗电力limestone, crushed, for millInput1150.01150.0Limestone石灰石sandstoneInput41.141.1Sandstone砂岩Iron tailingsInput17.517.5Ferrous tailings亚铁尾矿gypsum stone (CaSO4-dihydrate)Input40.040.0Gypsum石膏industrial waste (unspecified)Output6.06.0Industry waste: Slag+fly ash行业浪费：矿渣+粉煤灰。carbon dioxide (fossil)Output510.0510.0CO2. CO2 from limestone decomposition二氧化碳。来自石灰石分解的二氧化碳。carbon dioxide (fossil)Output240.0240.0CO2. CO2 from coal combustion二氧化碳。煤炭燃烧的二氧化碳。particles (> PM10)Output0.0650.065PM. The particle size is not specified. Here we treat it as PM>10.PM，未标明粒径，按PM>10处理。ElectricityOutput0.0940.094SO2. the range is 0.048∼0.150. The SO2 emissions vary with the amount of sulfur in coal and raw materials. The amount of SO2 emissions is 0.048 kg/t portland cement on condition that less than 0.6 % of sulfur in coal. The amount of SO2 emissions is 0.150 kg/t portland cement on condition that more than 0.6 % mainly 3–10 % of sulfur in coal. The average value of SO2 emissions is 0.094 kg/t portland cement. The relative change rate is calculated by the average value.SO2。范围为0.048〜0.150。SO2排放量随煤和原材料中的硫含量而变化。SO2排放量为0.048kg/t硅酸盐水泥，不到煤中硫含量的0.6％。SO2排放量为0.150kg/t硅酸盐水泥，大于0.6％以上，主要是煤炭中硫含量的3-10％。SO2排放的平均值为0.094kg/t硅酸盐水泥。相对变化率由平均值计算。Nitrogen oxidesOutput1.61.6NOx. the range is 0.54∼2.11. The amount of NOx emissions varies with denitration (deNOx) technology applications. The amount of NOx emissions is 0.54 kg/t portland cement when multistage combustion (MSC) and selective noncatalytic reduction (SNCR) deNOx technologies are applied. The amount of NOx emissions is 2.11 kg/t portland cement when no deNOx technology is applied. The average value of NOx emissions is 1.6 kg/t portland cement. The relative change rate is calculated by the average value.NOx。范围为0.54〜2.11。NOx排放量的数量随脱硝（deNOx）技术应用而异。当应用多级燃烧（Multistagecombustion，MSC）和选择性非催化还原（Selectivenoncatalyticreduction，SNCR）deNOx技术时，NOx排放量为0.54kg/t波特兰水泥。当应用不使用deNOx技术时，NOx排放量为2.11kg/t硅酸盐水泥。NOx排放的平均值为1.6kg/t硅酸盐水泥。相对变化率由平均值计算。cement, portland cement, 42.5MPaOutput1000.01000.0portland cement 42.5 MPa硅酸盐水泥42.5MPa