Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Reference year | 2018 |
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| Use advice for data set | When using the data, it is essential to consider the efficiency and environmental impact of the pyrometallurgical recycling process. Users should note that the materials input and emitted pollutants during each stage must be accounted for in the LCA. Due to the high energy consumption, especially at the smelting and roasting stages, the impact on climate change and resource depletion should be carefully assessed. The functional unit for impact assessment based on this data is 1 kWh of battery capacity. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | The pyrometallurgical process described is used for recycling end-of-life (EoL) nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) batteries. These recycled materials, such as LiCoO2, are particularly suitable for the production of new lithium-ion batteries. |
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| General comment on data set | Fully discharged EoL NCM batteries are first disassembled and crushed. The battery material is then processed through a 1400℃ smelting (or sintering) process. This is followed by acid leaching and solvent extraction. Finally, oxidation and roasting at 900℃ to obtain LiCoO2. |
| Copyright | No |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Functional Unit | using 1 kWh as the functionalunit |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | After removing the battery shell to obtain the electrode material, limestone is added to the high-temperature environment for roasting. After roasting, lithium and aluminum form slag, which is not recovered, and copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese formed by alloy are separated and extracted through further processing. |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs