257a8758-793f-4471-bb66-74578b4d5450 End-of-life ternary lithium batteries Existing pyrometallurgy process 废旧NCM电池火法冶金术 Unit processes End-of-life treatment Material recycling Fully discharged EoL NCM batteries are first disassembled and crushed. The battery material is then processed through a 1400℃ smelting (or sintering) process. This is followed by acid leaching and solvent extraction. Finally, oxidation and roasting at 900℃ to obtain LiCoO2. 首先将完全放电的EoL NCM电池拆解和破碎。然后，电池材料通过1400℃高温冶炼（或称为烧结）过程进行处理。接着进行酸浸，溶剂萃取。最后氧化并进行900℃焙烧得到LiCoO2 using 1 kWh as the functionalunit 12 2018 After removing the battery shell to obtain the electrode material, limestone is added to the high-temperature environment for roasting. After roasting, lithium and aluminum form slag, which is not recovered, and copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese formed by alloy are separated and extracted through further processing. 拆除电池外壳获得电极材料后 ，在高温环境加入石灰石进行焙烧，焙烧后的锂和铝形成炉渣，不被回收，形成合金的铜、 镍、 钴、锰通过进一步处理分离提取出来。 The pyrometallurgical process described is used for recycling end-of-life (EoL) nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) batteries. These recycled materials, such as LiCoO2, are particularly suitable for the production of new lithium-ion batteries. 所述火法冶金过程用于回收使用寿命结束的镍钴锰（NCM）电池。这些回收材料，例如LiCoO2，特别适合用于生产新的锂离子电池。 UREdbhWXQoSk76xcBsGcBg9lnAh.png Unit process, single operation None 无 None 无 None 无 The data come from multiple papers and are difficult to distinguish. 数据来自多篇论文，难以区分。 None 无 None 无 Wang, Y. et al. Environmental impact assessment of second life and recycling for LiFePO4 power batteries in China. Journal of Environmental Management 314, 115083 (2022). Wang, Y. et al. Environmental impact assessment of second life and recycling for LiFePO4 power batteries in China. Journal of Environmental Management 314, 115083 (2022). When using the data, it is essential to consider the efficiency and environmental impact of the pyrometallurgical recycling process. Users should note that the materials input and emitted pollutants during each stage must be accounted for in the LCA. Due to the high energy consumption, especially at the smelting and roasting stages, the impact on climate change and resource depletion should be carefully assessed. The functional unit for impact assessment based on this data is 1 kWh of battery capacity. 使用数据时，必须考虑火法冶金回收过程的效率和环境影响。用户应注意，在生命周期评估中必须记入每个阶段的物料投入和排放污染物。由于熔炼和焙烧阶段特别耗能，应仔细评估对气候变化和资源耗竭的影响。根据该数据进行影响评估的功能单位是1 kWh的电池容量。 Inventory: The internal review was done by several iteration steps concerning raw data validation, raw data documentation, representativity, completeness and consistency of modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and 14044. 清单： 内部审查通过几个迭代步骤完成，涉及原始数据验证、原始数据记录、代表性、完整性、与 ISO 14040 和 14044 有关的建模的一致性。 Tiangong LCI Data Working Group 天工LCI数据工作小组 Pengfei, pengfei24@email.ncu.edu.cn 彭菲, pengfei24@email.ncu.edu.cn pengfei24@email.ncu.edu.cn pengfei24@email.ncu.edu.cn 2024-04-11T16:29:06+08:00 2024-04-20T14:28:27.493702+08:00 00.01.005 https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=257a8758-793f-4471-bb66-74578b4d5450&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong Tiangong LCI Data Working Group 天工LCI数据工作小组 false Free of charge for all users and uses Limestone Input 1.36 1.36 Sulphuric acid Input 3.88 3.88 sodium hydroxide Input 2.88 2.88 Sodium hydroxide, production mix/EU-28 氢氧化钠，生产混合物/EU-28 Hydrogen peroxide (30%) Input 0.085 0.085 Hydrogen peroxide production mix/DE 过氧化氢生产混合物/DE Lithium carbonate Input 0.19 0.19 Lithium carbonate, production mix/CN 碳酸锂，生产混合物/CN Electricity Input 0.054 0.054 natural gas,natural gas Input 7.4 7.4 Carbon dioxide (fossil) Output 10.32 10.32 The original text does not distinguish between bio and fossil, and according to experts, it is fossil here 原文未区分bio和fossil，根据专家判断此处为fossil nickel Output 0.96 0.96 cobalt Output 0.32 0.32 copper Output 0.98 0.98 aluminium Output 0.14 0.14 EoL NCM battery Input 3.6 3.6