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Process Data set: cement production;cement, ordinary portland cement, 42.5MPa (en) en zh

Key Data Set Information
Location BJ-CN
Geographical representativeness description A large portland cement production enterprise in Beijing
Reference year 2004
Name
cement production;cement, ordinary portland cement, 42.5MPa
Use advice for data set When utilizing this dataset for life cycle assessment (LCA), it is important to ensure that the scope of the research encompasses the entire cement production process from raw material mining to cement storage. The performance of 1kg of 42.5 ordinary Portland cement should be set as the functional unit for comparative purposes. Considerations for technological applicability should include the advanced level of dust collection and waste heat recovery implemented in this production process. This dataset reflects the environmental impacts associated with the production of cement in a modern, large-scale facility and is representative of China's large cement enterprises as of the referenced year.
Technical purpose of product or process The cement produced in this described process is ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5MPa. It is intended for general construction purposes including the construction of high-rise buildings, bridges, and roads. Due to its high strength, it is also suitable for applications requiring durability such as foundations and structures exposed to environmental stresses.
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: Unit processes / Materials production / Other mineralic materials
General comment on data set The actual resources, energy consumption and pollutant emissions data of cement production in a large portland cement production enterprise in Beijing in 2004 were adopted for life cycle assessment. The plant is a large-scale Type I cement plant with two modern new dry-process cement production lines. The plant has also established waste heat power generation equipment to utilize the waste heat generated during cement production, and has adopted various dust collectors to recover and remove the generated dust. The technical level of this plant can represent the production status of cement in current large cement enterprises in China.
Copyright No
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Technological representativeness
Mathematical model
Model description It is stipulated that the performance of 1kg42.5 ordinary Portland cement is a functional unit. The research scope covers cement raw material mining, energy production, raw meal preparation, clinker calcination and grinding to cement storage.
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set LCI result
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations None
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations None
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations None
Data source(s) used for this data set
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Dependent internal review
Reviewer name and institution
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-03-19T21:18:09+08:00
Publication and ownership
UUID 372c85c0-61b0-4bde-9024-63de718f09e0
Date of last revision 2024-04-20T14:40:38.629008+08:00
Data set version 00.01.005
Permanent data set URI https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=372c85c0-61b0-4bde-9024-63de718f09e0&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong
Owner of data set
Copyright No
License type Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Hard coal based fuels 213.0 kg213.0 kg
General comment Coal consumption. The coal consumption in the cement production inventory includes the coal consumption for waste heat power generation, electricity generation, and clinker calcination, resulting in a high level of coal consumption.
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable energy resources from ground 7.08 MJ7.08 MJ
General comment Crude oil
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable energy resources from ground 0.692 MJ0.692 MJ
General comment Natural gas
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1060.0 kg1060.0 kg
General comment Limestone
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 68.8 kg68.8 kg
General comment Sandstone
Product flow
Materials production / Metals and semimetals 46.9 kg46.9 kg
General comment Iron powder
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 76.0 kg76.0 kg
General comment Gupsum
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from ground / Non-renewable material resources from ground 49.7 kg49.7 kg
General comment Bauxite

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 842.0 kg842.0 kg
General comment CO2. The calculation of CO2 emissions is based on the main sources of CO2 generation, including the combustion of fossil fuels such as crude oil and coal, and the calcination of limestone in cement production. ① The CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion can be calculated using the formula E=3.67FQka, where E represents the amount of CO2 emissions (in kg), F represents the fuel consumption (in kg), Q represents the heating value of the fuel (in MJ/kg), k represents the carbon emission coefficient of the fuel, and a represents the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel. ② In the cement production process, the chemical reaction of the raw material limestone generates a large amount of CO2, which can be represented by the equation CaCO3→CaO+CO2↑. Assuming a limestone content of 96%, 1 kg of limestone will generate approximately 0.54 kg of CaO and 0.42 kg of CO2. The estimated formula for CO2 emissions is: CO2 emissions = limestone consumption × CaCO3 content × (CO2 molecular weight/CaCO3 molecular weight) + E.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 2.82 kg2.82 kg
General comment SO2. According to the monitoring results of the Environmental Protection Bureau, the concentration of SO2 emissions is 100 mg/m3 of exhaust gas, and the emission of SO2 can be calculated based on the exhaust gas volume.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 2.48 kg2.48 kg
General comment NOx. The formula for estimating the NOx emissions is E=0.001Fa(1-rf), where E represents the amount of NOx emissions (in kg), F represents the fuel consumption (in kg), a represents the NOx emission factor during fuel combustion, r represents the coverage rate of the denitration device, and f represents the average denitration efficiency. Currently, there are few denitration devices in China, so the denitration problem is not considered. The emission factors for coal and crude oil are 9.95 kg/t and 7.24 kg/t, respectively, while that for natural gas is 4.10 g/m3.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 0.587 kg0.587 kg
General comment CO. The formula for estimating the CO emissions is E=FQa, where E represents the amount of CO emissions (in kg), F represents the fuel consumption (in kg), a represents the CO emission factor during fuel combustion, and Q represents the heating value of the fuel (in MJ/kg). For coal-fired power generation, the CO emission factor is 106 kg/MJ.
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 1.69 kg1.69 kg
General comment Dust, with an unspecified particle size, is treated as PM > 10 micrometers in diameter.
Product flow
Materials production / Other mineralic materials 1000.0 kg1000.0 kg
General comment 1kg42.5 Ordinary silicate cement