372c85c0-61b0-4bde-9024-63de718f09e0 cement production;cement, ordinary portland cement, 42.5MPa 水泥生产;水泥, 普通硅酸盐水泥, 42.5MPa Unit processes Materials production Other mineralic materials The actual resources, energy consumption and pollutant emissions data of cement production in a large portland cement production enterprise in Beijing in 2004 were adopted for life cycle assessment. The plant is a large-scale Type I cement plant with two modern new dry-process cement production lines. The plant has also established waste heat power generation equipment to utilize the waste heat generated during cement production, and has adopted various dust collectors to recover and remove the generated dust. The technical level of this plant can represent the production status of cement in current large cement enterprises in China. 采用北京某大型硅酸盐水泥生产企业2004年水泥生产的实际资源、能源消耗及污染物排放数据进行生命周期评价。该厂为大型一类水泥厂，拥有两条现代化的新型干法水泥生产线，并建立了余热发电装置利用水泥生产产生的余热，并采用各种除尘器回收和去除产生的粉尘。该厂的技术水平可以代表目前中国大型水泥企业的水泥的生产的状况。 13 2004 A large portland cement production enterprise in Beijing 北京某大型硅酸盐水泥生产企业 The cement produced in this described process is ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 42.5MPa. It is intended for general construction purposes including the construction of high-rise buildings, bridges, and roads. Due to its high strength, it is also suitable for applications requiring durability such as foundations and structures exposed to environmental stresses. 该描述过程中生产的水泥是42.5MPa强度等级的普通硅酸盐水泥。它适用于包括高层建筑、桥梁和道路建设在内的通用建筑目的。由于其高强度，还适用于要求耐用性的应用，如地基和暴露于环境压力的结构。 It is stipulated that the performance of 1kg42.5 ordinary Portland cement is a functional unit. The research scope covers cement raw material mining, energy production, raw meal preparation, clinker calcination and grinding to cement storage. 规定1kg42.5 普通硅酸盐水泥所具有的使用性能为功能单位。研究范围，由水泥原料开采、能源生产、生料制备、 熟料煅烧及粉磨到水泥储存为止。 LCI result None 无 None 无 None 无 None 无 None 无 吴红. (2007). 硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥复合的生态设计 [硕士, 北京工业大学]. 吴红. (2007). 硅酸盐水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥复合的生态设计 [硕士, 北京工业大学]. When utilizing this dataset for life cycle assessment (LCA), it is important to ensure that the scope of the research encompasses the entire cement production process from raw material mining to cement storage. The performance of 1kg of 42.5 ordinary Portland cement should be set as the functional unit for comparative purposes. Considerations for technological applicability should include the advanced level of dust collection and waste heat recovery implemented in this production process. This dataset reflects the environmental impacts associated with the production of cement in a modern, large-scale facility and is representative of China's large cement enterprises as of the referenced year. 在使用此数据集进行生命周期评价（LCA）时，重要的是确保研究范围包括从原材料开采到水泥储存的整个水泥生产过程。应将42.5MPa的普通硅酸盐水泥1公斤的性能设置为比较目的的功能单位。技术适用性的考虑应包括在此生产过程中实现的先进除尘和余热回收水平。该数据集反映了现代化大型设施生产水泥的环境影响，并代表了参考年份中国大型水泥企业的情况。 Inventory: The internal review was done by several iteration steps concerning raw data validation, raw data documentation, representativity, completeness and consistency of modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and 14044. 清单： 内部审查通过几个迭代步骤完成，涉及原始数据验证、原始数据记录、代表性、完整性、与 ISO 14040 和 14044 有关的建模的一致性。 Tiangong LCI Data Working Group 天工LCI数据工作小组 #REF!, ysqsophia@gmail.com ysqsophia@gmail.com ysqsophia@gmail.com 2024-03-19T21:18:09+08:00 2024-04-20T14:40:38.629008+08:00 00.01.005 https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=372c85c0-61b0-4bde-9024-63de718f09e0&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong Tiangong LCI Data Working Group 天工LCI数据工作小组 false Free of charge for all users and uses hard coal Input 213.0 213.0 Coal consumption. The coal consumption in the cement production inventory includes the coal consumption for waste heat power generation, electricity generation, and clinker calcination, resulting in a high level of coal consumption. 煤耗。清单中水泥生产的煤耗包含了余热发电补煤量、发电的耗煤量以及熟料煅烧的耗煤量，煤的消耗量多。 crude oil; 42.3 MJ/kg Input 7.08 7.08 Crude oil 原油 natural gas;  44.1 MJ/kg Input 0.692 0.692 Natural gas 天然气 limestone, crushed, for mill Input 1060.0 1060.0 Limestone 石灰石 sandstone Input 68.8 68.8 Sandstone 砂岩 iron, powder Input 46.9 46.9 Iron powder 铁粉 gypsum stone (CaSO4-dihydrate) Input 76.0 76.0 Gupsum 石膏 bauxite Input 49.7 49.7 Bauxite 铝矾土 carbon dioxide (fossil) Output 842.0 842.0 CO2. The calculation of CO2 emissions is based on the main sources of CO2 generation, including the combustion of fossil fuels such as crude oil and coal, and the calcination of limestone in cement production. ① The CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion can be calculated using the formula E=3.67FQka, where E represents the amount of CO2 emissions (in kg), F represents the fuel consumption (in kg), Q represents the heating value of the fuel (in MJ/kg), k represents the carbon emission coefficient of the fuel, and a represents the carbon oxidation rate of the fuel. ② In the cement production process, the chemical reaction of the raw material limestone generates a large amount of CO2, which can be represented by the equation CaCO3→CaO+CO2↑. Assuming a limestone content of 96%, 1 kg of limestone will generate approximately 0.54 kg of CaO and 0.42 kg of CO2. The estimated formula for CO2 emissions is: CO2 emissions = limestone consumption × CaCO3 content × (CO2 molecular weight/CaCO3 molecular weight) + E. CO2。CO2排放量计算CO2生成主要产生于燃料、燃煤等化石能源的燃烧以及水泥生产原料中的石灰石分解。①化石能源燃烧的CO2排放量计算E=3.67FQka，式中E——CO2的排放量（kg），F——燃料的消耗量（kg），Q——燃料发热量（MJ/kg），k——燃料的碳排放系数，a——燃料的碳氧化率。②水泥生产过程中，原料石灰石的化学反应产生大量的CO2，其化学反应见式：CaCO3→CaO+CO2↑石灰石含量按96%估算，1Kg分解生成约0.54kg的CaO，同时生成0.42kg的CO2。最后得CO2排放量的估算公式为：CO2排放量=石灰石消耗量×CaCO3含量×（CO2分子量/CaCO3分子量）+E。 sulfur dioxide Output 2.82 2.82 SO2. According to the monitoring results of the Environmental Protection Bureau, the concentration of SO2 emissions is 100 mg/m3 of exhaust gas, and the emission of SO2 can be calculated based on the exhaust gas volume. SO2。环保局的监测结果表明，SO2的排放浓度是100mg/m3废气，根据废气量可以计算出SO2排放量。 Nitrogen oxides Output 2.48 2.48 NOx. The formula for estimating the NOx emissions is E=0.001Fa(1-rf), where E represents the amount of NOx emissions (in kg), F represents the fuel consumption (in kg), a represents the NOx emission factor during fuel combustion, r represents the coverage rate of the denitration device, and f represents the average denitration efficiency. Currently, there are few denitration devices in China, so the denitration problem is not considered. The emission factors for coal and crude oil are 9.95 kg/t and 7.24 kg/t, respectively, while that for natural gas is 4.10 g/m3. NOx。NOx的排放量NOx的排放量估算公式为：E=0.001Fa(1-rf)，式中E——NOx的排放量（kg），F——燃料的消耗量（kg），a——燃料燃烧时NOx排放因子，r——脱氮设备的覆盖率，f——平均脱氮效率.目前国内脱氮设备较少，不考虑脱氮问题。原煤和原油的排放因子分别为9.95kg/t和7.24kg/t，天然气为4.10g/m3。 carbon monoxide (biogenic),carbon monoxide (biogenic) Output 0.587 0.587 CO. The formula for estimating the CO emissions is E=FQa, where E represents the amount of CO emissions (in kg), F represents the fuel consumption (in kg), a represents the CO emission factor during fuel combustion, and Q represents the heating value of the fuel (in MJ/kg). For coal-fired power generation, the CO emission factor is 106 kg/MJ. CO。CO的排放量CO的排放量估算公式为：E=FQa，式中E——CO的排放量（kg），F——燃料的消耗量（kg），a——燃料燃烧时CO排放因子，Q——燃料发热量（MJ/kg）CO的排放因子，原煤发电取106kg/MJ。 particles (> PM10) Output 1.69 1.69 Dust, with an unspecified particle size, is treated as PM > 10 micrometers in diameter. 粉尘，未标明粒径，按PM>10处理。 cement, ordinary portland cement, 42.5MPa Output 1000.0 1000.0 1kg42.5 Ordinary silicate cement 1kg42.5普通硅酸盐水泥