Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Geographical representativeness description | The China United Cement Corporation |
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| Use advice for data set | Users should note that this LCA dataset specifically considers NSP technology used in the Chinese cement industry, reflective of the average operational processes and efficiency levels reported by the China United Cement Company. When applying this data, users should ensure that their application's geographical context matches or closely aligns with these Chinese industry conditions. Considerations should include the reported power generation recovery, dust removal, and denitrification efficiencies which may not be ubiquitous in all cement production technologies globally. The reuse of solid waste for raw material and the exclusion of its manufacturing process should be noted and considered when compared with traditional cement production datasets. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | This dataset represents cement production using new suspension preheater (NSP) technology with a mix of alternative constituents at 6-20%. The described cement has a strength grade of 52.5 MPa, suitable for construction applications where high early strength is not the primary requirement, but long-term durability and high final strength are essential. The utilization of mixed solid waste as a substitute for traditional raw materials in cement formulation demonstrates an eco-friendly approach. This information is pivotal for industries involved in large-scale infrastructural development, where bulk amounts of cement are utilized for concrete structures and construction projects. |
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| General comment on data set | Common cement where the 3rd day compressive strength is greater than 21 MPa and the 28th day compressive strength is 52.5 MPa. Industrial solid waste that contains silica and flue gas desulfurized (FGD) gypsum is used in cement manufacture instead of clay and gypsum. The main stream of cement production – new suspension preheater (NSP) – is applied in the Chinese cement industry. There are three primary production processes: The pulverized coal and raw material preparation process, including the transfer, grinding, homogenization, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the incineration process, the ground and mixed raw materials are inputted into the preheater and then the calciner and decomposed with 60% coal at 950 ◦C. The limestone decomposes to about 95% in the calciner and 5% in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to clinker with 40% coal at a temperature of over 1400 ◦C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when the clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by a grinding mill. The raw materials are suspended and heated by recycled hot air in the preheater. |
| Copyright | No |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The main stream of cement production – new suspension preheater (NSP) – is applied in the Chinese cement industry. There are three primary production processes: The pulverized coal and raw material preparation process, including the transfer, grinding, homogenization, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the incineration process, the ground and mixed raw materials are inputted into the preheater and then the calciner and decomposed with 60% coal at 950 ◦C. The limestone decomposes to about 95% in the calciner and 5% in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to clinker with 40% coal at a temperature of over 1400 ◦C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when the clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by a grinding mill. The raw materials are suspended and heated by recycled hot air in the preheater (Hasanbeigi et al., 2010). |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
| Mathematical model | |
| Model description | One ton of cement with 52.5 MPa strength grade is used as functional unit (FU).System boundaries involve raw material and energy production, road transport, raw material crushing, clinker production, cement milling and packaging, waste heat energy recovery, direct emissions, on-site flue gas treatment and solid waste reuse in cement plants. |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs