Process information
| Key Data Set Information | |
| Location | CN |
| Geographical representativeness description | The China United Cement Corporation |
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| Use advice for data set | When using this data, practitioners should consider the integration of industrial solid waste in the material dataset as an alternative not only for the environmental benefits but also for the early strength property of the cement. It is crucial to account for the system boundaries outlined, including raw material and energy production, transportation, and emissions. Due to the comprehensive inclusion of alternative constituents in this data set, users must ensure that their use case aligns with scenarios involving the construction or retrofitting of structures requiring early strength gain. Additionally, the operational data for this LCA should be used in conjunction with established LCA methodology standards, and users should be mindful of the technological applicability and geographical specificity (China) of the data. |
| Technical purpose of product or process | This data set represents the use of 42.5 RMPa strength grade cement primarily produced by the New Suspension Preheater (NSP) method, with alternative constituents accounting for 6-20%, which is utilized in construction and infrastructural development. This form of early strength cement which achieves over 19 MPa compressive strength on the 3rd day and 42.5 MPa on the 28th day is suitable for rapid construction scenarios where early strength gain is critical. Industrial solid wastes are utilized in this cement manufacturing process as substitutes for traditional raw materials like clay and gypsum, reducing environmental impact and fostering circular economy practices. |
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| General comment on data set | Early strength cement where the 3rd day compressive strength is greater than 19 MPa and the 28th day compressive strength is 42.5 MPa. Industrial solid waste that contains silica and flue gas desulfurized (FGD) gypsum is used in cement manufacture instead of clay and gypsum. The main stream of cement production – new suspension preheater (NSP) – is applied in the Chinese cement industry. There are three primary production processes: The pulverized coal and raw material preparation process, including the transfer, grinding, homogenization, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the incineration process, the ground and mixed raw materials are inputted into the preheater and then the calciner and decomposed with 60% coal at 950 ◦C. The limestone decomposes to about 95% in the calciner and 5% in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to clinker with 40% coal at a temperature of over 1400 ◦C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when the clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by a grinding mill. The raw materials are suspended and heated by recycled hot air in the preheater. |
| Copyright | No |
| Owner of data set | |
| Quantitative reference | |
| Reference flow(s) | |
| Technological representativeness | |
| Technology description including background system | The main stream of cement production – new suspension preheater (NSP) – is applied in the Chinese cement industry. There are three primary production processes: The pulverized coal and raw material preparation process, including the transfer, grinding, homogenization, and storage of raw materials, and the grinding and storage of coal. In the incineration process, the ground and mixed raw materials are inputted into the preheater and then the calciner and decomposed with 60% coal at 950 ◦C. The limestone decomposes to about 95% in the calciner and 5% in the kiln. The decomposed materials fall into the kiln and are incinerated to clinker with 40% coal at a temperature of over 1400 ◦C. In the finishing process, the cement is produced when the clinker, mineral additions, and gypsum are granulated finely by a grinding mill. The raw materials are suspended and heated by recycled hot air in the preheater (Hasanbeigi et al., 2010). |
| Flow diagram(s) or picture(s) | |
| Mathematical model | |
| Model description | Use 1 ton of cement with 42.5 RMPa strength grade as functional unit (FU).System boundaries involve raw material and energy production, road transport, raw material crushing, clinker production, cement milling and packaging, waste heat energy recovery, direct emissions, on-site flue gas treatment and solid waste reuse in cement plants. |
Modelling and validation
Administrative information
Inputs and Outputs