8df867ba-34f4-499e-ac6a-e58a018338e0 NCM direct recycling（DR-B） NCM直接回收 B Unit processes End-of-life treatment Material recycling The battery is discharged before disassembly, and the electrolyte volatilized in the comminution process is centrally treated. Then, small particle-size mixtures such as electrode pieces are washed with DMC to remove residual electrolytes.After drying, the active material is separated from the current collector by immersion in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) with ultrasonic-assisted treatment. The obtained mixed suspension is precipitated and dried after centrifugation. According to the particle size difference, the electrode materials are separated from the current collector and diaphragm. The cathode and anode materials are further divided by foam flotation. The filtered cathode material is mixed with LiOH solution and subjected to relithiation at low temperature and low pressure. Afterward, the relithiated cathode material powder was mixed with excess Li2CO3 and thermally annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a repaired battery level cathode active material. 电池在拆卸前放电，并对粉碎过程中挥发的电解质进行集中处理。然后，用DMC洗涤诸如电极片的小颗粒尺寸混合物以去除残留电解质。干燥后，通过在超声波辅助处理下浸入n-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）中，将活性材料与集电体分离。将获得的混合悬浮液沉淀并在离心后干燥。根据颗粒大小的差异，将电极材料与集电器和隔膜分离。阴极和阳极材料通过泡沫浮选进一步划分。将过滤的阴极材料与LiOH溶液混合，并在低温和低压下进行再锂化。然后，将再锂化的正极材料粉末与过量的Li2CO3混合，并在氮气氛中热退火，以获得修复的电池级正极活性材料。 In this paper, the functional unit is defined as the nominal capacity of 1 kWh LIBs, which converts all the data collected into functional units for the calculation to ensure the quantitative evaluation and cross comparability of energy consumption and environmental impact of different batteries in various stages. 0 2021 Laboratory process 实验室工艺 Here we chose chemically delithiated NCM111 as a model material for our study. To obtain D-NCM111, pristine NCM111 purchased from Toda America Inc. T-NCM111 was reacted with an aqueous solution of potassium persulfate. The material was then washed with water followed by acetonitrile before drying under vacuum at ambient temperature. 在这里，我们选择了化学脱锂的NCM111作为我们研究的模型材料。为了获得D-NCM111，将购自Toda America股份有限公司的原始NCM111与过硫酸钾水溶液反应。然后用水洗涤该材料，然后用乙腈洗涤，然后在环境温度下真空干燥。 The DR-B process detailed serves for direct recycling of spent Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), specifically for the recovery of battery-grade cathode active materials. It is applicable to laboratory-scale research aiming to optimize recovery methods for valuable materials from used LIBs. This process helps in reducing waste and recovering critical materials like Nickel, Cobalt, and Manganese (NCM) while conserving the functional integrity of cathode materials. DR-B处理过程主要用于直接回收用完的锂离子电池（LIBs），特别是恢复电池级阴极活性材料。适用于实验室规模研究，旨在优化从废弃LIBs中回收有价值材料的方法。这个过程有助于减少废物和回收关键材料如镍、钴和锰（NCM），同时保持阴极材料的功能性完整。 YAQJb33waof9lGxcm6UcxWRtnTh.png Unit process, single operation None 无 None 无 None 无 Some data from Xu, P. et al. Design and Optimization of the Direct Recycling of Spent Li-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 9, 4543–4553 (2021). 部分数据来源于 Xu, P. et al. Design and Optimization of the Direct Recycling of Spent Li-Ion Battery Cathode Materials. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 9, 4543–4553 (2021). None 无 None 无 Chen, Q. et al. Investigating the environmental impacts of different direct material recycling and battery remanufacturing technologies on two types of retired lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles in China. Separation and Purification Technology 308, 122966 (2023). Chen, Q. et al. Investigating the environmental impacts of different direct material recycling and battery remanufacturing technologies on two types of retired lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles in China. Separation and Purification Technology 308, 122966 (2023). The data presented must be normalized to the functional unit of 1 kWh LIBs nominal capacity to ensure comparability across different batteries. Users should carefully consider the methodologies involved in the recycling process, especially the chemical delithiation using potassium persulfate and the subsequent treatments with DMC, NMP, and LiOH, which could have significant methodological implications. Appropriate safety and handling procedures for the chemicals used must be followed, and the operational parameters of the recycling process (such as temperature, pressure, and treatment duration) meticulously recorded to replicate the results. 提供的数据必须归一化到1kWh LIBs标称容量的功能单位，以确保不同电池之间的可比性。用户应仔细考虑再循环过程中涉及的方法学，特别是使用过硫酸钾进行化学脱锂以及随后的DMC、NMP和LiOH处理，这些可能具有重要的方法学意义。必须遵循化学品使用的适当安全和处理程序，并且必须严格记录回收过程的操作参数（如温度、压力和处理持续时间），以便复制结果。 Inventory: The internal review was done by several iteration steps concerning raw data validation, raw data documentation, representativity, completeness and consistency of modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and 14044. 清单： 内部审查通过几个迭代步骤完成，涉及原始数据验证、原始数据记录、代表性、完整性、与 ISO 14040 和 14044 有关的建模的一致性。 Tiangong LCI Data Working Group 天工LCI数据工作小组 maqingyuan, m1120498928@163.com 马清源, m1120498928@163.com m1120498928@163.com m1120498928@163.com 2023-12-18T17:44:44+08:00 2024-04-20T14:28:36.907014+08:00 00.01.005 https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=8df867ba-34f4-499e-ac6a-e58a018338e0&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong Tiangong LCI Data Working Group 天工LCI数据工作小组 false Free of charge for all users and uses EoL NCM battery Input 6.67 6.67 sodium chloride Input 0.049 0.049 Lithium Hydroxide Input 0.293 0.293 Lithium carbonate Input 0.025 0.025 Electricity Input 9.612 9.612 process steam Input 13.3 13.3 Mechanical treatment facility Input 7.0 7.0 Chemical Industry Input 0.7 0.7 Freight rail Input 8.66 8.66 Freight Truck Input 0.866 0.866 particles (> PM10) Output 0.0058 0.0058 non-methane volatile organic compounds Output 0.000895 0.000895 Waste (solid) Output 0.196 0.196 Cathode Material Output 1.12 1.12 Copper Scrap Output 0.76 0.76 Aluminum scrap Output 0.554 0.554