9a8fe5c0-2b9b-44cf-8ada-2d598fb9d766Mechanical Process + simple chemistry;PV waste;module delamination机械处理＋简单化学处理;废旧光伏组件Unit processesEnd-of-life treatmentOther end-of-life servicesMechanical upcycling that aims to fully recover components. Additional chemical processes are involved, referred as “mechanical recycling” . Several studies have investigated mechanical operations to recover glass and separate it from other parts. We sort these methods as M1, M2, M3, and M4. Inmethod M1, Granata et al. proposed a method to shred the module in atwo-rotor motor followed by hammer milling. Larger fractions (diameter > 0.08 mm) were identified as recoverable glass and smallfractions (diameter < 0.08 mm) were identified to contain Si andmetals that need further pyro/hydrometallurgical treatments. Afterthermal removal of the polymer residue from the glass, this methodproduces recyclable glass at a quantity 80–85%w of the PV module. A follow-up study further improved this process by replacing thecrushing and milling with triple shredding, achieving a glass recoveryrate of 91%w. In method M2, instead of thermal removal of theEVA residue, Yingli Solar developed a cryogenic process to delaminateSi modules. After cooling at sufficiently low temperatures (−196 °C),the interfacial bonding of the sandwich structures are weakened.Then, an abrasive grinding machine can easily peel Si powders fromplastic powders. In method M3, which targets at the unbroken glass pieces, Trina Solar investigated a glass detachment processunder oxidant hydrothermal subcritical conditions to detach the wholeglass sheet from the module. Note that, for M2 and M3 the recycling yield was unclear. Therefore, the viability should be furtherinvestigated and validated. In method M4, another reliable approachwas used: hot knife cutting. The Full Recovery End of Life Photovoltaic(FRELP) project demonstrated a pilot recycling approach that cuts apartthe entire module glass sheet by a high-frequency knife at slightlyelevated temperatures. 98%w of the glass was recovered, and the rest ofthe EVA/solar cell/backsheet sandwiches were sent to an incinerationplant for further treatment. Cutting has a clear advantage to detach glass in a single step to avoid multiple crushing and thermal processes. The hot-cutting concept has been implemented using differentdesigns, such as a heated cutting blade, a fast spinning steel brush, andchisel sheets.旨在完全回收部件的机械升级回收，涉及到额外的化学过程，称为“机械回收”。 一些研究已经研究了机械操作来回收玻璃并将其与其他部分分离。我们将这些方法分类为M1、M2、M3和M4。在method M1中，Granata等人提出了一种在双转子电机中粉碎模块，然后进行锤磨的方法。较大的组分(直径> 0.08 mm)被鉴定为可回收的玻璃，较小的组分(直径< 0.08 mm)被鉴定为含有硅和金属，需要进一步的热/湿法冶金处理。在热去除玻璃中的聚合物残留物后，该方法生产的可回收玻璃的数量为光伏组件的80-85%。一项后续研究进一步改进了这一工艺，用三次粉碎代替破碎和研磨，玻璃回收率达到91%。在方法M2中，英利太阳能开发了一种低温工艺来分层Si模块，而不是热去除EVA残留物。在足够低的温度下(- 196℃)冷却后，夹层结构的界面结合被削弱。然后，磨料研磨机可以很容易地从塑料粉末中剥离Si粉。在针对未破碎玻璃片的方法M3中，天合光能研究了一种氧化水热亚临界条件下的玻璃分离工艺，将整个玻璃片从组件中分离出来。需要注意的是，对于M2和M3，回收收率是不明确的。因此，应进一步研究和验证其可行性。在方法M4中，采用了另一种可靠的方法:热刀切割。全回收寿命终止光伏(FRELP)项目展示了一种试点回收方法，即在稍高的温度下用高频刀切割整个模块玻璃板。98%w的玻璃被回收，其余EVA/太阳能电池/背板三明治被送往焚烧厂进一步处理。切割具有明显的优势，可以在一个步骤中分离玻璃，以避免多次破碎和热过程。热切割概念已经通过不同的设计实现，例如加热切割刀片，快速旋转钢刷和凿片。0Chemical delamination. The adhesive encapsulation layer can also be dissolved in either inorganic (C1) or organic (C2) solvents to delaminate the module. In method C1, solar glass was firstly separated fromsolar cells by immersing the module in nitric acid (HNO3) for 24 hours. In method C2, Doi et al. reported successfully dissolution of EVAin trichloroethylene at 80 °C for 10 days. The chemical process canbe accelerated with ultrasonic radiation. For example, Kim and Leereported the most effective organic dissolution of EVA in O-dichlorobenzene within 30 minutes to recover damage-free solar cells. Azeumo et al. reported complete dissolution of EVA in less than60 minutes in toluene with the presence of ultrasonic radiation. Insome occasions, the organic solvents could not remove the swollen EVAremaining on the surface, hence a secondary treatment such as pyrolysis is required. This unavoidably adds complexity.In addition to the front glass, fluorine-contained backsheets must beremoved before recycling solar cells because of its toxicity. The backsheet can be peeledoff from the module at elevated temperatures, mechanically removed during scrapping, grinding or milling operations, or thermally combusted in a licensed incinerator. For glass-glass modulesand those with fluorine-free backsheet, this step is unnecessary.化学分离。粘合剂封装层也可以溶解在无机(C1)或有机(C2)溶剂中，以使模块分层。在方法C1中，首先通过将组件浸入硝酸(HNO3) 24小时将太阳能玻璃从太阳能电池中分离出来。在方法C2中，Doi等人报道了EVA在80℃条件下在三氯乙烯中成功溶解10天。超声波辐射可以加速化学过程。例如，Kim和Lee报道了EVA在邻二氯苯中30分钟内最有效的有机溶解，以恢复无损伤的太阳能电池。Azeumo等人报道在超声波辐射下，EVA在甲苯中不到60分钟就完全溶解。在某些情况下，有机溶剂无法去除残留在表面的膨胀EVA，因此需要进行热解等二次处理。这不可避免地增加了复杂性。除前玻璃外，由于含氟后板具有毒性，在回收太阳能电池之前还必须移除后板。背板可以在高温下从模块上剥离，在报废、研磨或碾磨操作中机械移除，或在许可的焚化炉中热燃烧。对于玻璃-玻璃组件和无氟背板的组件，无需此步骤The described recycling methods are designed to recover components from end-of-life photovoltaic (PV) modules, particularly the glass and silicon parts. These processes, which include a combination of mechanical and chemical treatments, aim to reclaim and upcycle materials, thus diverting waste from landfills and contributing to sustainable production in the solar industry.所描述的回收方法旨在从寿命末期的光伏组件中回收玻璃和硅部分，特别是使用机械和化学处理相结合的方法，目的是回收和升级材料，从而避免废物填埋，并为太阳能产业的可持续生产做出贡献。VmdGbFd6KoeTMOxOVpFcpGJknwi.pngUnit process, black boxNone无None无None无None无None无Deng, R., Chang, N. L., Ouyang, Z. & Chong, C. M. A techno-economic review of silicon photovoltaic module recycling. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 109, 532–550 (2019).Deng, R., Chang, N. L., Ouyang, Z. & Chong, C. M. A techno-economic review of silicon photovoltaic module recycling. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 109, 532–550 (2019).Users of this data set should consider the applicability of each recycling method (M1, M2, M3, M4, C1, C2) described for different PV module types and conditions. Attention must be paid to the recycling yields, environmental implications, and technological feasibility of these methods. For methods where recycling yield is not clear (M2, M3), additional research and validation are necessary. The toxicity of fluorine-contained backsheets must also be addressed, potentially altering the treatment process for modules with such backsheets.使用此数据集的用户应考虑每种回收方法（M1、M2、M3、M4、C1、C2）对不同光伏组件类型和条件的适用性。必须注意这些方法的回收率、环境影响和技术可行性。对于回收率不清楚的方法（M2、M3），需要进行额外的研究和验证。还必须解决含氟背板的毒性问题，这可能会改变带有此类背板的组件的处理过程。Inventory: The internal review was done by several iteration steps concerning raw data validation, raw data documentation, representativity, completeness and consistency of modelling with regard to ISO 14040 and 14044.清单： 内部审查通过几个迭代步骤完成，涉及原始数据验证、原始数据记录、代表性、完整性、与 ISO 14040 和 14044 有关的建模的一致性。Tiangong LCI Data Working Group天工LCI数据工作小组Nan Wang, 1209824595@qq.com王楠, 1209824595@qq.com1209824595@qq.com1209824595@qq.com2023-12-18T13:49:16+08:002024-04-15T23:19:56.687595+08:0000.01.005https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=9a8fe5c0-2b9b-44cf-8ada-2d598fb9d766&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGongTiangong LCI Data Working Group天工LCI数据工作小组falseFree of charge for all users and usesPV Module WasteInput1000.01000.01000.01000.0EstimateduniformLandfill liquidInput306.0306.0612.0245.0Software or databaseuniformLandfill liquid填埋液Landfill disposalOutput14.014.014.014.0Software or databaseuniformLandfill disposal垃圾填埋处理mineral waste (ash)Output2.02.02.02.0Software or databaseuniformSludgeOutput50.050.0200.015.0Software or databaseuniformaluminiumOutput180.0180.0180.0180.0Software or databaseuniformAluminum frame 铝框Glass for recovery (shards)Output665.0665.0686.0560.0Software or databaseuniformcopper wireOutput2.972.973.32.805Software or databaseuniformCopper cable铜缆copper wireOutput0.90.91.140.342Software or databaseuniformCopper ribbon铜带Junction BoxOutput50.050.050.050.0Software or databaseuniformsilverOutput0.490.490.50.27Software or databaseuniformSiliconOutput35.035.036.029.0Software or databaseuniformMetallurgical grade silicon冶金级硅Energy, gross calorific value, in biomass, primary forestOutput349.0349.0449.0309.0Unknown derivationuniformenergy recovery能量回收