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Process Data set: Rare earth Crushing and milling;dysprosium;Bastnaesite/Monazite (B/M);Rare Earth Elements (REE) containing ore (en) en zh

Key Data Set Information
Location CN
Geographical representativeness description Southern China and Bayan Obo
Reference year 2010
Name
Rare earth Crushing and milling;dysprosium;Bastnaesite/Monazite (B/M);Rare Earth Elements (REE) containing ore
Use advice for data set When using this LCA data set for the assessment of environmental impacts related to the production of dysprosium, it is imperative to apply an allocation method based on the mass of produced REEs combined with their market prices. Due to varying ore compositions across different sites, allocation factors must be assessed individually for each location. Ensure that the methodological approach is consistent with the established international guidelines for Life Cycle Assessment. Pay special attention to system boundary definitions and the allocation procedures due to the economic significance of dysprosium and other REEs extracted in conjunction.
Technical purpose of product or process The rare earth crushing and milling process of dysprosium is intended for the extraction and processing of REE containing ore, specifically targeting the production of dysprosium from ores in Southern China and Bayan Obo regions. Dysprosium is commonly used in the manufacturing of permanent magnets, which are critical components in various high-tech applications including electric motors, wind turbine generators, and advanced electronics.
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: Unit processes / Materials production / Non-energetic raw materials
General comment on data set The rare earth crushing and milling process of dysprosium is intended for the extraction and processing of REE containing ore, specifically targeting the production of dysprosium from ores in Southern China and Bayan Obo regions. Dysprosium is commonly used in the manufacturing of permanent magnets, which are critical components in various high-tech applications including electric motors, wind turbine generators, and advanced electronics.
Copyright No
Owner of data set
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Functional Unit The goal of this investigation is to compare environmental impacts related to the production of 1 kg Dy (functional unit) from IAC (Southern China), from B/M ore (Bayan Obo), and from an eudialyte deposit (Norra Kärr) using the LCA method
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2019
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system The goal of this investigation is to compare environmental impacts related to the production of 1 kg Dy (functional unit) from IAC (Southern China), from B/M ore (Bayan Obo), and from an eudialyte deposit (Norra Kärr) using the LCA method
Flow diagram(s) or picture(s)
  • QJkUbU1xqovftbx6brScvVp2njb.png Image
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, single operation
LCI Method Principle Attributional
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations None
Deviations from LCI method approaches / explanations In this study, an allocation method based on the mass of produced REEs combined with their market prices (based on an international metals market analysis and pricing index company ) are considered, as usual for metals with strongly different prices. As the ores have different compositions, the allocation factor has to be assessed individually for each site.
Deviation from modelling constants / explanations None
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None
Deviation from data treatment and extrapolations principles / explanations None
Data source(s) used for this data set
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Dependent internal review
Reviewer name and institution
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2024-01-04T18:04:28+08:00
Publication and ownership
UUID e9daf471-28f2-4402-9570-e16422e507d0
Date of last revision 2024-04-20T15:07:16.862194+08:00
Data set version 00.01.005
Permanent data set URI https://lcadata.tiangong.world/showProcess.xhtml?uuid=e9daf471-28f2-4402-9570-e16422e507d0&version=01.00.000&stock=TianGong
Owner of data set
Copyright No
License type Free of charge for all users and uses

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 7.632000000000001 MJ7.632000000000001 MJ
General comment Crushing: value per crushing step estimated by experts from RWTH Aachen University 1.0 kWh/t ore (carbonatite)
Product flow
Materials production / Raw materials 0.043 kg0.043 kg
General comment Steel. Crushing: low-alloyed, 0.035 kg/t ore estimated by experts from RWTH Aachen University
Product flow
Transport services / Other transport 8.4E-4 t*km8.4E-4 t*km
General comment Crushing: transport, freight, lorry >32 metric ton, EURO3. 20 km assumed
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 55.188 MJ55.188 MJ
General comment Milling: own calculation with Bond index formula
Product flow
Energy carriers and technologies / Electricity 0.7200000000000001 MJ0.7200000000000001 MJ
General comment Magnetic separation: calculation is based on a Selection Guide for Process Equipment, electricity mix 2014

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Location Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Emissions / Emissions to air / Emissions to air, unspecified 3.777 kg3.777 kg
General comment Dust. Crushing: dust (PM10), (PM2.5 - PM10), (PM2.5) Particles to air. Calculation is based on Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAPAIR, 2006), distribution of dust analog Althaus et al. (2007a)
Product flow
Materials production / Raw materials 5.46 kg5.46 kg
General comment Radioactive dust, waste. Crushing: Uranium (U238) [Radioactive emissions to air]. based on Th232 and U238 activity in the ore.
Product flow
Materials production / Raw materials 1.37 kg1.37 kg
General comment Steel. Milling: calculation is based on Abrasion index
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from water / Renewable material resources from water 1335.0 m31335.0 m3
General comment Milling: production of ore pulp with 40 % milled ore
Product flow
Transport services / Other transport 0.0273 t*km0.0273 t*km
General comment Milling: 20 km
Product flow
Materials production / Metals and semimetals 183.12 kg183.12 kg
General comment Ore pulp. Milling: 150 km for the crushed ore
Product flow
Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 612.0 kg612.0 kg
General comment Iron oxide. Magnetic separation: Iron oxide (II-oxide) [Inorganic intermediate products], calculation is based on ore concentration and yield
Product flow
Materials production / Inorganic chemicals 1.77 kg1.77 kg
General comment Niobium oxide. Magnetic separation: Niobium oxide, calculation is based on ore concentration and yield
Waste flow
Wastes / Mining waste 365.0 kg365.0 kg
General comment Magnetic separation: mass estimated by experts from RWTH Aachen University (Stark, 05.08.2015)
Product flow
Materials production / Metals and semimetals 2770.0 kg2770.0 kg
General comment Ore pulp. Magnetic separation: input for next process: Flotation